Which hemodynamic change occurs during hypovolemic hemorrhagic shock?

In hypovolemic hemorrhagic shock, the body experiences a significant drop in blood volume due to loss of blood, leading to various compensatory mechanisms. One of the primary responses to this reduced blood volume is the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. As a result, vascular tone increases, leading to an increase in systemic vascular resistance (SVR). This increase is a compensatory mechanism aimed at preserving blood flow to vital organs despite reduced blood volume.

By constricting blood vessels, the body attempts to maintain blood pressure and direct circulating volume to essential areas, such as the heart and brain. Therefore, the rise in SVR is a key feature of the hemodynamic changes during hypovolemic hemorrhagic shock.

In contrast, options that suggest decreased heart rate, increased central venous pressure, and decreased cardiac output do not align with the body's adaptive responses during the early stages of hemorrhagic shock. Typically, heart rate increases in response to low blood volume to compensate for the reduced stroke volume and maintain cardiac output. Central venous pressure generally decreases due to the lower volume of blood returning to the heart, while cardiac output may initially be reduced, but compensatory mechanisms attempt to minimize this decrease. Thus, the increase in